医学部臨床実習カリキュラムの改革や新しい外科専門医制度の導入に伴い、外科教育および研修の「質」と「アウトカム」がこれまで以上に厳しく問われる時代となりました。また、患者の安全と倫理に最大限配慮しながら外科教育を行うためには、従来の臨床現場におけるon-the-job trainingのみでは不十分であるという認識が、現在では広く共有されつつあります。これからの外科指導責任者には、教育カリキュラムの設計、評価手法の確立、効果的な指導方法など、外科教育に関する体系的な知識と理解が求められています。

北米では約40年前に外科教育学会が設立され、外科教育者の育成および外科教育をテーマとした研究が本格的に開始されました。現在では、外科教育研究は北米の外科領域において不可欠な学術分野として確立されています。一方、日本においては、外科教育を研究対象として体系的に扱う取り組みは、長らく発展途上にありました。

このような背景のもと、私たちの教室では、若手外科医が確かな技術と自信を持ってキャリアを積み重ね、その結果として患者に安全で質の高い外科医療を提供できることを目的に、我が国でも先駆的な取り組みとして「外科教育研究グループ」を設立しました。

この構想を主導したのが、本グループ創設者である故 倉島 庸（1969–2024）です。倉島先生は、早くから日本の外科教育が北米に比べて体系的・研究的基盤に乏しいことに着目し、外科教育を一つの学問分野として確立する必要性を強く認識していました。秋田大学医学部卒業後、北海道大学での外科研修を経て、カナダ・マギル大学にてフェローシップ研修を行い、評価法やシミュレーション教育を含むエビデンスに基づく外科教育研究に深く携わりました。2012年に帰国後、本研究グループを立ち上げ、日本における外科教育研究の基盤構築に尽力しました。先生の指導のもと、本グループは数多くの研究成果を発信し、外科教育を専門とする研究領域の確立に大きく貢献してきました。また、全国各地での講演活動や学会活動を通じて外科教育の重要性を広く啓発し、2014年には日本外科教育学会（http://www.surgicaleducation.jp）の設立にも中心的役割を果たしました。2024年8月の不慮の事故による突然の逝去は、日本のみならず国際的な外科教育コミュニティに大きな衝撃と深い悲しみをもたらしました。

外科教育研究グループでは現在、卒前・卒後外科教育カリキュラムの開発、外科教育に関する各種セミナーの企画・運営、学内外における外科教育実務への貢献に加え、新たな外科教育手法や教育システムの構築を目指した研究を進めています。倉島先生の理念と志を継承し、日本の外科教育をリードする存在であり続けることを目標としています。

また2018年より、私たちが培ってきた外科手術および外科教育に関する知識と技術を国際社会に還元することを目的として、Global Surgical Educationプロジェクトを立ち上げました。

私たち外科教育研究グループの活動および研究内容にご関心をお持ちの方は、どうぞお気軽にご連絡ください。

現在進行中の研究課題

1.Global Surgeryに関するシステマティックレビュー

2.Global Surgical Educationプロジェクト

3.腹部外傷治療におけるシミュレーショントレーニング効果の検討

4.腹腔鏡下手術におけるノンテクニカルスキルの評価・トレーニングと術中パフォーマンスの相関に関する検討

5.人工知能による腹腔鏡・ロボ鼠径ヘルニア手術技能評価

6.日本の外科教育の現状と課題に関する実態調査

7.RATS-Lobectomyにおける若手外科専攻医のLearning CurveおよびCognitive Loadの検討

8.手術室器械出し看護師の評価表（SCOPE)導入による効果測定

9.若手乳腺外科医による医学生実習におけるニーズ調査およびカリキュラム開発

10.北海道の消化器外科医におけるバーンアウトと離職意向についてのアンケート調査

11.消化器外科医がバーンアウトから離職に至るまでの質的研究

学術的出版リスト(2014~)

論文

2025年に出版

1.Ishido K, et al. Human Factors and Team Safety in Robotic-Assisted Surgery: A Narrative Review of Ergonomic Risks and Educational Implications. Journal of Robotic Surgery. 2025 83 (2), 103799

2.Suzuki A, Poudel S, et al. Assessing the impact and effectiveness of the Japanese surgeons as educators program: a faculty development initiative for surgical educators in Japan. Global Surg Educ 5, 9 (2026).

3.Naito Z, et al. Development of Nontechnical Skills Assessment Tool and The Validation Study for Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair. J Surg Educ. (2026) 83(2)103799.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1931720425003800

4.Ishido K, et al. Burnout as a process driver of surgical attrition: a narrative review of the path to dropout. Global Surg Educ 5, 7 (2026).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s44186-025-00418-x

5.Ishido K, et al. Feasibility of a mutual intraoperative evaluation system for residents and attendings in Japan: a pilot single-center study. Global Surg Educ 4, 83 (2025).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s44186-025-00396-0

6.Ishido K, et al. Developing an objective framework for scrub nurse training: A Japanese pilot study. Developing an objective framework for scrub nurse training: Japan pilot on feedback and skills. Journal of Perioperative Nursing 38(3) (2025).
https://doi.org/10.26550/2209-1092.1384

7.Ishido K, et al. Cultural and Organizational Resistance to Surgical Education Reform: A Narrative Review. J Surg Educ. (2025) 82(9) 103587.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103587

8.Ishido K, et al. Challenges faced by novice surgeons in preoperative preparation for emergency surgery: a qualitative study. Global Surg Educ 4, 68 (2025).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s44186-025-00379-1

9.Ishido K, et al. Differences in preoperative preparation between young surgeons and experts: A Scoping Review. J Surg Educ. (2025) 82:7
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsurg.2025.103540

10.Koike D, Takagi K, Arai K, Kiyasu Y, Kohmura T, Suda C, Takamori S, Takayama W, Nakamura M, Fukumoto M, Yamaoka-Fujikawa Y, Watanabe G, Watanabe J, Poudel S, et al. A nationwide questionnaire survey to investigate facility-based disparities in satisfaction and working conditions of surgical trainees in Japan: university hospitals, community hospitals, and hybrid-type facilities. Surg Today 55, 1701–1709 (2025).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00595-025-03081-3

11.Murakami M, Poudel S, et al. Successful Introduction of a New Pediatric Endoscopic Procedure in Nepal by Simulation-Based Training Using a Disease-Specific Simulator. World Journal of Surgery. 2025 July 49(7)1862-1869
http://doi.org/10.1002/wjs.12672

12.K Hirose, S Poudel, S Murakami, Y Kurashima, et al. How confident are the general surgeons in Hokkaido region in performing essential trauma skills: a cross-sectional questionnaire survey. World Journal of Emergency Surgery 20 (1), 1-10
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13017-025-00623-5

13.Murakami S, Shichinohe T, Kurashima Y, et al. Validation of cadaver-based trauma surgery training for lifelong skill development. World J Emerg Surg. 2025 May 29;20(1):45.
https://wjes.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13017-025-00608-4

14.Morita R, Kurashima Y, et al. Effect of a Training System Utilizing 3-Dimensionally Printed Patient-Specific Vascular Models on Endovascular Catheterization Performance. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2025 May;36(5):901-907.e2.
http://sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1051044325000466?via%3Dihub

15.Fukumoto M, Poudel S*, et al. Evaluating the Role and Future Directions of the Japanese Association for Surgical Education: A Needs Assessment Survey among Participants in the Annual Meetings. Global Surg Educ. (2025) 4:35

16.Watanabe G, Watanabe J, Hayashi S, Konishi T, Poudel S, et al. Regional disparity in surgical residency training and work environment between urban and regional hospitals: an additional perspective from a nationwide survey for surgical residents. Surg Today 55, 1143–1154 (2025).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00595-025-03011-3.

17.Kiriyama K, Kurashima Y, Poudel S*, et al. Enhancing Surgical Skills through Telesimulation: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial on Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair. Surgery. (2025) 180; 109136
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surg.2024.109136

18.Poudel S. in memory of Dr. Yo Kurashima (1969–2024). Global Surg Educ 4, 43 (2025).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s44186-025-00353-x

19.Poudel S, Kurashima Y, et al. Needs assessment survey for global surgical education: What do surgical trainees and educators around the world need? Global Surg Educ 4, 18 (2025).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s44186-024-00325-7

2024年に出版

20.Kiyasu Y, Poudel S, et al. "Present Status of the Surgical Training System in Japan: A Nationwide Questionnaire Survey among Graduating Surgical Trainees. Surg Today 55, 90–98 (2025).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00595-024-02884-0

21.Murakami M, Kurashima Y, et al. “How many cases do young pediatric surgeons need to experience to achieve autonomy in performing pediatric endoscopic surgery? A nationwide survey to establish an ideal curriculum for pediatric endoscopic surgery in Japan. Pediatr Surg Int. 2024 Dec 31;41(1):54.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00383-024-05958-9

22.Ebina K, Abe T, Higuchi M, Hotta K, Furumido J, Iwahara N, Senoo T, Komizunai S, Tsujita T, Sase K, Chen X, Kurashima Y, et al. Surgical skill analysis focused on tissue traction in laparoscopic wet lab training. Surg Open Sci. 2024 Aug 22;21:7-13.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S258984502400112X?via%3Dihub

23.Yan L, Ebina K, Abe T, Kon M, Higuchi M, Hotta K, Furumido J, Iwahara N, Komizunai S, Tsujita T, Sase K, Chen X, Kurashima Y, et al. Validation and motion analyses of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy with Thiel-embalmed cadavers. Curr Probl Surg. 2024 Oct;61(10):101559.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011384024001205?via%3Dihub

24.Ebina K, Abe T, Yan L, Hotta K, Shichinohe T, Higuchi M, Iwahara N, Hosaka Y, Harada S, Kikuchi H, Miyata H, Matsumoto R, Osawa T, Kurashima Y, et al. A surgical instrument motion measurement system for skill evaluation in practical laparoscopic surgery training. PLoS One. 2024 Jun 25;19(6):e0305693.
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0305693

25.Tojima H, Murakami S, Poudel S, Kurashima Y, et al. Development of a simulator and training curriculum for liver trauma surgery training for general surgeons. Glob Surg Educ.2024;3:36
https://doi.org/10.1007/s44186-024-00233-w

2023年に出版

26.Hirose K, Murakami S, Kurashima Y, et al. Delphi Method Consensus-Based Identification of Primary Trauma Care Skills Required for General Surgeons in Japan. J Acute Care Surg. 2023;13:58-65.
https://www.jacs.or.kr/upload/pdf/jacs-2023-13-2-58.pdf

27.Hida K, Hirano S, Poudel S, Kurashima Y, et al. The degree of satisfaction and level of learning in male and female surgical residents: a nationwide questionnaire survey of graduating residents in Japan. Surgery Today. 2023;53:1275-1285
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00595-023-02683-z

28.Mizunuma K, Kurashima Y, Poudel S, et al. Surgical skills assessment of pancreaticojejunostomy using a simulator may predict patient outcomes: A multicenter prospective observational study. Surgery. 2023;173:1374-1380
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surg.2023.02.027

29.Yokoyama S, Kurashima Y, Ieiri S, et al. Comprehension of fundamental knowledge about pediatric endoscopic surgery: a cross-sectional study in Japan. Surg Endosc. 2023;37:6408-6416
https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s00464-023-09975-y

2022年に出版

30.Kiriyama K, Poudel S, Kurashima Y, et al. Development of a systematic telesimulation curriculum for laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. Glob Surg Educ. 2022;1:52
https://rdcu.be/cXYYC

31.Kurashima Y, Kitagami H, Teramura K, et al. Validation study of a skill assessment tool for education and outcome prediction of laparoscopic distal gastrectomy. Surg Endosc. 2022;36:8807-8816
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-022-09305-8

32.Poudel S, Kurashima Y, Hirano S. Establishing the Japanese Association for Surgical Education: Our experience of promoting systematic surgical education in Japan. Global Surg Educ. 2022;1:16
https://rdcu.be/cLdTE

33.Teramura K, Imai S, Watanabe Y, et al. Development of a performance rubric for transanal endoscopic rectal purse-string sutures. Tech Coloproctol. 2022;26:109-115
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10151-021-02545-1

2021年に出版

34.Murakami M, Poudel S, Bajracharya J, et al. Support for Introduction of Pediatric Endosurgery in Nepal as Global Pediatric Surgery: Preliminary Needs Assessment Survey. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2021;31:1357-1362
https://doi.org/10.1089/lap.2021.0307

35.Kondo A, Watanabe Y*, Ishida M, et al. Particle size distributions in surgical smoke generated by advanced energy devices: a meaningful perspective from an experimental study in the time of COVID-19. Ann Surg. 2021;273:e168-e170
https://www.doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000004807

36.Kurashima Y, Hirano S, Yamaguchi S. Can general surgeons perform laparoscopic surgery independently within 10 years of training? A nationwide survey on laparoscopic surgery training in Japan. Surg Today. 2021;51:1328-1334
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00595-020-02218-w

2020年に出版

37.Hashimoto D, Poudel S, Hirano S, Kurashima Y et al. Is there disparity between regions and facilities in surgical resident training in Japan? Insights from a national survey. Surg Today. 2020;50:1585-1593
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00595-020-02037-z

38.Watanabe Y, et al. An Unmodulated Very-Low-Voltage Electrosurgical Technology Creates Predictable and Ultimate Tissue Coagulation: From Experimental Data to Clinical Use. Surg Innov. 2020;27:492-498
https://doi.org/10.1177/1553350620904610

39.Poudel S, et al. Are graduating residents sufficiently competent? Results of a national gap analysis survey of program directors and graduating residents in Japan. Surgery Today. 2020;50:995-1001
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00595-020-01981-0

2019年に出版

40.Madani A, Grover K, & Watanabe Y. Measuring and Teaching Intraoperative Decision-Making Using the Visual Concordance Test. JAMA Surg. 2020;155:78-79
http://doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2019.4415

41.Yokoyama S, et al. Evaluation methods and impact of simulation-based training in pediatric surgery: a systematic review. Pediatr Surg Int. 2019;35:1085-1094
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31396735

42.Mathis R, Watanabe Y, et al. What are the skills that represent expert-level laparoscopic suturing? A Delphi Study. Surg Endosc. 2020;34:1318-1323.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31214806

43.Mizota T, et al. Development of a fundamentals of endoscopic surgery proficiency-based skills curriculum for general surgery residents. Surg Endosc. 2020 34:771-778
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31102077

44.Poudel S, et al. A snapshot of surgical resident training in Japan: results of a national-level needs assessment survey. Surg Today. 2019;49:870-876
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed

45.Poudel S, et al. Identifying the Essential Portions of the Skill Acquisition Process Using Item Response Theory. J Surg Educ. 2019;76:1101-1106
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsurg.2019.01.015

46.Kurashima Y, et al. Development of a novel tool to assess skills in laparoscopic gastrectomy using the Delphi method: the Japanese operative rating scale for laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (JORS-LDG). Surg Endosc. 2019;33:3945-3952
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30756172

47.Yokoyama S, et al. Identifying the needs for teaching fundamental knowledge of laparoscopic surgery: a cross-sectional study in Japan. Surg Endosc. 2019;33:2242-2248
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30350098

48.Mizota T, et al. Surgeons see anatomical structures faster and more accurately compared to novices: Development of a pattern recognition skill assessment platform.Am J Surg. 2019;217:222-227
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30482478

2018年に出版

49.Poudel S, et al. Development of a novel training system for laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. Minim Invasive Ther Allied Technol. 2018;11:1-7
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30204525

50.Bilgic E, Endo S, Lebedeva E, Takao M, McKendy KM, Watanabe Y, Feldman LS, Vassiliou MC. A scoping review of assessment tools for laparoscopic suturing.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29721749

51.Bilgic E, Takao M, Kaneva P, Endo S, Takao T, Watanabe Y, McKendy KM, Feldman LS, Vassiliou MC. Development of a Model for the Acquisition and Assessment of Advanced Laparoscopic Suturing Skills Using an Automated Device.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29557252

52.Mizota T, et al. Step-by-step training in basic laparoscopic skills using two-way web conferencing software for remote coaching: a multicenter randomized controlled study. Am J Surg. 2018;216:88-92.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29268939

53.McIlhenny C, Kurashima Y, et al. General surgery education across three continents. Am J Surg. 2018;215:209-213.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29246406

54.Poudel S, et al. Educational system based on the TAPP checklist improves the performance of novices: A multicenter randomized trial. Surg Endosc. 2018;32:2480-2487
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29124407

2017年に出版

55.Poudel S, et al. Impact of 3D in the training of basic laparoscopic skills and its transferability to 2D environment: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Surg Endosc 2017;31:1111-1118
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27351662

56.Watanabe Y, et al. Psychometric Properties of the Global Operative Assessment of Laparoscopic Skills (GOALS) using Item Response Theory. Am J Surg. 2017;213:273-276
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27776756

57.Bilgic E*, Watanabe Y*, et al. Multicenter Proficiency Benchmarks for an Advanced Laparoscopic Surgery Curriculum. Am J Surg 2017;213:217-221 *co-primary author
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27776755

58.Kurashima Y, et al. Systematic Review of the Implementation of Simulation Training in Surgical Residency Curriculum. Surgery Today 2017;47:777-782
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00595-016-1455-9

59.Watanabe Y, et al. Don’t Fix It If It Isn’t Broken: A Survey of Preparedness for Practice among Graduated Fellows. Surg Endosc 2017;31:2287-2298
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27743124

2016年に出版

60.Poudel S., et al. Evaluation of hands-on seminar for reduced port surgery using fresh porcine cadaver model. J Minim Access Surg. 2016;12:214-219
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27279391

61.Kurashima Y, et al. Where do we start? The first survey of surgical residency education in Japan. Am J Surg 2016;211:405-410
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002961015005668

62.Poudel S, et al. Development and validation of a checklist for assessing recorded performance of laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. Am J Surg, 2016;212:468-474
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26750607

63.Watanabe Y, et al. New Models for Advanced Laparoscopic Suturing: Taking It to the Next Level. Surg Endosc 2016;30:581-587
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26017911

64.Watanabe Y, et al. Surgeons Have Knowledge Gaps in the Safe Use of Energy Devices: a Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study. Surg Endosc 2016;30:588-592
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26017912

65.Watanabe Y, et al. A Systematic Review of Performance Assessment Tools for Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 2016;30:832-844
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26092014

2015年に出版

66.Bilgic E*, Watanabe Y*, et al. Reliable assessment of Performance in Surgery: A practical approach to Generalizability Theory. J Surg Educ 2015; 72:774-775 *co-primary author
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26117079

67.Watanabe Y, et al. Camera navigation and cannulation: validity evidence for new educational tasks to complement the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery Program. Surg Endosc 2015; 29:552-557
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25034381

2014年に出版

68.Kurashima Y,et al.Simulation-based training improved the operative performance of totally extraperitoneal (TEP) laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Surg Endosc 201; 29:552-557

著書

1.Yusuke Watanabe, et al. (2019). Objective metrics in the simulation of minimally invasive surgery In Daniel B. Jones, M.D., Steven Schwaitzberg, M.D. (Eds.), Operative Endoscopic and MIS. CRC Press; 2019 Chapter 30, 184-187.
https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/B07PH29C8P/ref=cm_sw_r_oth_api_i_UDpnDb8CP3A2J

2.Mizota T, et al. Fundamentals of Robotic Surgery. In: Palazzo F, editor. Fundamentals of General Surgery. Springer; 2018 Chapter 16, 215-225
https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783319756554

1.Global Operative Assessment for Laparoscopic Skills- Groin Hernia (GOALS－GH)：
腹腔鏡下鼠径ヘルニア修復術技能評価表。指導医による直接評価に適している。
（⇒ GOALS-GH和訳（PDFが開きます））

2.TAPPチェックリスト：腹腔鏡下鼠径ヘルニア修復術（TAPP法）技能評価チェックリスト。
ビデオ評価に適している。
（⇒ TAPPチェックリスト（PDFが開きます））

3.TAPP教育ビデオ：TAPPチェックリストに基づいた手術教育ビデオ（https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gc1MULyp11g&t=1271s)

4.Japan Operative Rating Scale- Laparoscopic Distal Gastrectomy (JORS-LDG)：
腹腔鏡下幽門側胃切除術の技能評価表。各手順の確認および評価用。
（⇒ JORS-LDG評価シート（PDFが開きます））

5.SAGES FUSE　ハンズオンセミナー（https://www.kibanken.org/fuse）

• 2016-2018：溝田知子 (Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, US)
• 2015-2016：サシーム パウデル（Surgical Education Research Fellowship: Association for Surgical Education）
• 2012-2015：渡邊祐介（Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Canada）
• 2009-2012：倉島庸（Steinberg-Bernstein Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery and Innovation, McGill University, Canada）